Rivet



l.. c. 'HUcK Feb. 11, 1936,

ARIVET Filed June 7, 1932 l Patented Feb. Il., 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT 4VOFFICE gusano arvn'r Louis C. Huck, Grosse Pointe, Mich., assignor to liuxon Holding Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a vcorporation of Michigan Application June 7, 1932,l SerlaLNo. 615,854

' z5 claims. (crass-4o) The invention relates to rivets and it has particular relation to a rivet construction and a method of manufacturing the saine.

In certain respects the invention is related "to my copending applications for patent, Serial No.

545,004, led June 17, 1931;\,Serial No. 578,314, led December 1, 1931 and the co-pending application for patent of Ralph A. Miller, Serial Number 559,826, led August 28, 1931.

In general, a rivet of the general type'disclosed in such applications for patent and involved in the present invention, comprises a tubular oropenings from one side of the structure only, it

being understood that the end of the assembly having the shank head, will be inserted first.

Y Preferably, that end of the female member opposite the head on the male member has an initially formed head thereon for engaging the outer or working side of 'the structure, although itis possible to form the head during the rivet setting operation, and the male member projects outwardly beyond this head. Then by pulling .the male member and applying the reactionary force to the head or outer end of the female member, the head on the male member causes deformation :of inner end of the female member to provide a headat the inner side of the strucof th'e members after the rivet has been set or tion, in an improvedand positive manner.

Another object of the invention is to provide a rivet of the last mentioned character, in which such inner end of the female member is reinforced against bursting in a positive manner by`- thehead on the male member. l

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method of manufacturing and assembling male and female rivet members, in 5 which, as finally assembled, the male member has a. head so related to parts of the femalemember, that the outer fibers of the latter will be stressed to a greater extent than the innerjbers during the rivet setting operation. 10

Another object of the invention i's to provide an improved method of manufacturing and assembling male and female. rivet members so as to obtain a unitary and interlocked assembly prior to any rivet setting operation. 15

AAnother object of the invention is to provide a rivet comprising a male and female member in which the male member has a head so constructed and related to the adjacent end of the female member, that the partsmay be initially locked 20 together prior to any rivet setting operation, and during the rivet setting operation, thenhead on the male member will eiiicientlyand in an im-4 proved manner apply greater stress to the outer fibers of the female member than to-the inner 26 fibers thereofso that bulbing of the female member intermediate its` ends may be effected in a substantially predetermined manner. *l

Other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following description, the drawing relating thereto, and the claims hereinafter set forth. For a better understanding` of the invention reference maybe had to the'accompanying drawing, forming a part of the speciiicationwherein: 35

Figure 1 -is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of. a rivet assembly, comprisinga male and female member as assembled following the manu. facture of each member separately; Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but illustrating 40 the manner in which a flange on the male member is turned into a substantially axial position.

Fig. 3 is'a similar view showing the male and female members as related before or during the initial phase of rivet setting operation.

Fig. 4 isa cross-sectional view illustrating sub'- stantially the condition of the rivet during an intermediate stage of the rivet setting operation;

Fig. 5 substantially illustrates the rivet after it 50 hasbeen vset and used for elements together; Fig. Gis a fragmentary, longitudinal cross-sectional view, similar to that shown by Fig. 1, and wherein the male and female members are consecuring structlmal structed according 'to another form vof Ithe invention; v

Fig. 'l is a view similar to Fig. 3 but illustrat-v ing the manner in which such lmale and female members are locked together prior to any rivet -setting operation. i

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary crossfsectional view of `a'rivet constructed toanother form vof lthe invention; wherein aseparate collar is employed.

Fig. 9 illustrates the manner the parts are associated togetherprior toor at the beginning of the rivet setting operation.

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 8, but illustrat ing another form of collar arrangement.

Fig. 11 illustrates the manner in which the parts shown by Fig. 10 are associated prior to or during the initial phase of the rivet setting operation.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, a tubular. tal female member I is provided having a h d II atone end, and at its opposite end, a portion I2' ot reduced outer diameter. A male rivet memwhich extends through the female member and beyond the head III at one end, while at its opposite end it has a reduced portion Id of conical shape for example which may have slightly greater axial length'than the portion I2 and the reason for this variation will presently be set forth. `Beyond the conically shaped portion I! and-at -its extremeV end,` the male member has a head I6 which initially is provided with an annular flange f Il considerably larger in outside diameter than the body portion'of thefemale member.

Preferably the inner face of the lhead I6 at the junction of flange II, land'substantially in axial falignment with the outer surface of the body of the male member, has an annular groove I0 tov facilitate spinning or turning of the flange into a substantially axial position. The parts may be assembled as shown in Fig. l -and then the flange I1 may be turned '.or spun over as shownv in Fig. 2, or if desired the parts may be axially related as' shown in Fig. 3- before spinning or turning of the flange. Such'iiange andigroove are so constructed and relatedthat when'the flange is so turned or spun, it may have its then inner surface indicated at I8' substantiallyparallel 'to the taper of groove I4'. If the .parts aree first-axially related as shown in Fig. 3, the reduced portion I2 may be squeezed into groove. I I first and the flange is then Vturned axially thereover. In-eith`er case thereduced portion I2 will be contracted into substantially full contact witlr the tapered baseof the groove Il and thiswill result "in axial interlocking of the `maleand female' members in the regionfofthe groove. If\ the parts are assembled as shown in Fig. 2, movement of the reduced portion I2 of the female member/into the space between 'surface I8' of agige 'I 'I and the base of 'groove I4 may be ef- 3, a space 20 will be provided with the inner end of the ange I1 engaging theishoulder, indicatedy at I9'on the female member.l

It should be understood'that in settinga rivet fthe head Iton.

of this character, theend of member. projecting outwardly from the head II on the female member is pulled and Ithe reactionary force of such pull is appliedl against the head I I to hold vit against the structure'. A machine which may be used forthis purpose is disclosed in the application for patent of -L.iC. Huck and Itrate'd bythe -arrows in Fig. 2 for example, it

being understood that thespace -2li between the end of the reduced portion I2 on, the female membenand the head, permits .the transmission l ber I3 of relatively harder metal is also provided `oi! such force to the shoulder I9 Vwithout engage# ment of the end face of the reduced portion I2.

Application of the force of the head I6 against the shoulder- II thereby stressing theouter fibers of the female member more than the inner fibers.' also causes a resultant of force application td the 'female member which is directed slightly toward the rivet axis, in the general direction of pull. As pull is continued on the .male member, the body portion of the female member bulbs outwardly 'as indicated at 25 in Fig. 3 and upon continued movement oLthe male member the bulb'nnally .forms into a head as indicatedat 2l in Fig.;4.

to be nearer the to shoulder I9. Formation'of the bulb inthis manner is prefered as a better head is formed'and the structural elements 22 and 23 are more tightly drawn together when the rivet is finally set.'

e' head II, it isapparent that the largest diameter of bulbing shown in Fig. 3140 After the rivet is finally let, itis apparent that the locking engagement positively v'holds the feagainst relative axial movement. It' xnay be here vthat preferably the male 'member'is provided with-a neck or undercut as indicated at 21 in Fig. 4 'and after the -rivet is set ,continued pull on the male memberwill tension itsuiiiciently to break it at. this undercut or neck toleave 'the end' of the male member substantially flush with the. outer surface of the' head I I.

male andmalemembers The dimensions of and metaused 1n the tuuu;

lar bodynf the female-`memberbetween head II used in` thev male body, may -substantially correspond to characteristics of similar parts of the male and female members disclosed in my co pending application for patent relating to rivets,

Serial N0. 599,868, led'Mrch 19, 1.932, 50 that a globular typeof headwill -be formed, and the rivet connection will be water andair tight after it is set.

It isevident that theanse'prtion'o the head I6, surrounding the reducedportion 2 of the female member, reinforces the end of the latter, and considerably increases the bursting strength of such end-of the female member. Particularly this is true of the male member which is composed of metal less ductile than the female member, and normally the metalswill have this rela- -and shoulder I8, and the dimensibns of and metal tion. Attention is directed to the fact that the bursting strength of the end of the female member, therefore, may be increased Without increasing the diameter of the inner end of the assembly beyond the maximum diameter of the body portion of the female member, so that the assembly may be inserted through openings in a structure from one side only. Moreover, it will be apparent that this increase in bursting strength, and the locking of the male and female parts together, are obtained, while still allowing the application of greater stress to the outer metal fibers of the female member, and direction of force application at an angle to the rivet axis. All of these factors facilitate proper bulbing of the female member, so that a tight and strong connectionv between structural elements will be secured.

The construction shown by Fig. 6 is similar to that shown by Fig. 1 with the exception that the male member adjacent the head I6 has an oppositely taperedconical surface portion 28. The female member similarly has a reduced portion I2 but this tapers outwardly substantially complementary to the conical portion 28 of the male member. The members may be assembled substantially as previously described and a ange 29 on the head I6 turned over into a substantially axial position. Finally vthe parts either before riveting or during the initial phase thereof have the relation Shown by Fig. 7 and it will be noted that a recess 3|) is provided between the end face of the reduced portion I2 and the head I6 and that the flange 2S engages the shoulder I9 on the female member to cause the application of greater stress tothe outer bers than to the inner bers and direction of force at a slight angle toward Atherivet axis. The reduced portion I2, the position thereof between the flange 29on the head and the tapered portion 28 of the male member insures locking engagement of the male and female members after the rivet is set. It should be understood that in this construction, as in the first assembly, the head flange also increases the A bursting strength ofthe inner end of the female member. As stated previously, these several facl proper bulbing of the female 1 3i, of relatively hard metal as compared to the metal of which the female member is composed, is disposed around the malemember andhas an inwardly Ydirected rib'32 disposed around shoulder 33, and an axial portion 34 around groove I4, but spaced radially therefrom. It will be noted that on its inner face a tapered surface 35 is provided on the ring, and outside dimensions ofthe ring are suchthat the assembly may be inserted through openings in the structure .to be riveted.

. Either before or during the rivet'setting opera- 75\In this constmction. like those previously .de

" "`-fff\\ i I tion, the malemember may be pulled while apply- Il, Vand the ring 33 applies 'greater o'uter ber stress to the female memberv through shoulder I9 and a resultant of -the forces may be at a slight angle to the rivet axis. l

The construction shown by Figs. 10Vand 11 is similar to that shown by Figs. 8 and 9, but the ring indicated at 36, is cylindrical and the groove I4 extends all the way to head I6. Preferably, the

reduced portion I2 of the female member is outwardly tapered as indicated at 3l, to facilitate turning such portion into the groove. reinforcement of the female'meni'ner, stress application to shoulder I9, direction of resultant force application and interlocking of the parts may be obtained in this construction.

While in 'all constructions shown, a space between the end of the reduced portion I2 of thev female member and the head on'the male mem.- ber or ring thereon, vas the case may be, has been considered desirable for reasons mentioned, the absence of this space would not prevent using the rivet efficiently. The obtaining of the outer ber stressand angled force direction seem desirable in obtaining certain characteristics of bulbing.

Rivets of the types described may be manufac- Similar tured inexpensively, and may be employed for se,

curing structural elements together rapidlyand positively. It is apparent that improved means are provided for the application of greater stress to the outer fibers( of the bulbing portion of the female member than to the inner fibers, and for causing the resultant of such forces applied to the female member, to be directed at larrangie slightly toward the axis of the rivet. It is evident that in either construction described and illustrated that the male and female members,

' are locked together positively against any substantial relativeaxial movement afterthe rivet is set, although during the setting of the rivet, the

locking feature only prevents relative axial movement of those parts of the male and female members in the region of such head on the male-member. It should also be clear, that the head on the male member, through its flange, increases the bursting strength of the end of the female i member, and this is desirable if the intermediate portion of the latter is to bulb without rupturing or otherwise undesirably deforming the inner end of such member. It has been indicated that the male member preferably comprises material less ductile than the female member, and various combinations of metals may be employed such as described in the previously identified applications for patent.

Althoughmore than one form of the invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it will l eting ilanging a part of thehead over an end of the tubular member, to provide a substantial, ax-

vially directed,int,erlocking arrangement.

2. Th'e method of manufacturing a rivet, whichA comprises forming amember with a tubular p'ortion, forming a shankfor extending into the tubular portion, forming an enlarged head on thel shank, with a rim extending axially of the assembling the members, and then prior to riveting telescoping therim axially over an end of the f the tubularvmember, providing a ang'e on suchAv directed, interlocking arrangement.

tubular portion, to provide a substantial, axi

a. The method of riveting, which comprises forming a member with a tubular portion. forming a second member for extending into the tubuy lar portion, forming anannular surface recess in f a part of one member, assembling the parts, de'-v forming a part of the second member into outer .spaced walls, assembling the members, and then prior to riveting, axialy telescoping the first member into such groove to lock the parte together. i'

5. The method of manufacturing a rivet, which comprises forming a tubular member, forming a shank member forextending through the tubular member, providing such shank member'with'a'n enlargedA head for engaging one end of the tubularmember, assembling the members, and then deforming a part of such head over the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the tubular member. i

6. The method of manufacturing a rivet, which4 comprises forming a tubular member, forming ashank member. for extending through the tubularmember. providing an enlarged head on one end of the shank'for engaging one end of.

head, assembling the members,4 and then turning said ilange over the outer surface of the endf' of the tubular member.

7. The method-'ofmanufacturing a rivet, which comprises forming a tubular member with an end portion of reduced diameter, forming a shank memberifor extending through th members, providing a ange on the shank me ber, assembling the Vmariniers rso that thje flange is adjacentthe tubular member portion'oi reduced diameter, and

suV

then; turning the iiange over and against such reduced portion-ofthe tubular member.

8. An article of manufacture comprising il.,4 tu- Hbular rivet member, a shank extending through such member, and a flange on said shank extend-1 ing axially over lan outer surface portion of oney -end of member, said flange having an outer diameter notgreater than themaxlmum outer Y diameter of Athe tubular member body portion.

-v at the inner end of such portion ameter.

9.A Arivet comprising a tubular member having an end portion of reducedouter diameter defining a shoulder at its inner extent, a shank member extending through such tubular member, and a head on such shank having aportion extending axially over an end of such tubular portion of reduced outer diameter and engaging the shoulder 1o. A rivet omni-:sing n tubulnrmember naving an end portion of reduced outer diameter deflning a shoulder at its'inner extent, ashank member extending through such tubular'meme ber, vand a head on such shank having. a portion extending axially over an end of such portion of reduced outer diameter and engaging the shoulder at the inner end of such portion of Y reduced diameter. the outer end face of suchrewithout engaging theV end ofreduced diauoe'a portion. :ree of engagement with such head. .11. A rivet comprising a tbular member having a portion ofredu'eed outer diameter at one end-`thereof, thereby providing a shoulder at the inner end of such reduced portion, a shank extending through the tubular member, a head on the shank at that ena of the tubular memberhnving the reduced-portion, and means on such head' `for engaging said shoulder, .to apply a stress to outer iiber's'of the tubular member, greater than l any stress applied to inner fibers thereof-when theshank is pulled through the female member to urge the head against the end portion of the latter.

12. A rivet compri's'ing tubular memberl having a portionofreduoed outer diameter atone `end thereof, thereby providing a. shoulder at the inner end 'of such reduced portioma shank extending thrcugh the tubular member, a head on the vshank atthat en'd of the tubular member having the reducedportion, and means on such head for engaging said shoulder, to apply a stress to outer fibers ob the tubular inember, greater than any stress applied to inner nbers thereof,

when the shank is pulled through the female member to urge the head against the end portioirof the latter, said portion of reduced outer 'diameter on the tubular member, being axially tapered and the shank having a similarly tapered surface substantially contacting therewith.

13. A rivet comprising a tubular member, a

- shank member extending through the tubular member and h'aving ahead for engaging oneend l' yportion of the tubular member, and means onsaid head and on the end of the tubular memberv for applying a greater stress to the outer fibers of the tubular member when the shank is pulled through the latter in such manner that the head is urged-against the end portion ofthe tubular member, said means comprislng an annular por-A tion on suc ead surrounding an `end portion of the tubular member and engaging a shoulder on and spaced from the end of, such tubular member.

y14'. A rivet comprising a tubular member having an end'lportion of reduced outer diameter and a shoulder at -the inner end of such portion,

a shank extending through the tubular member and haviig ahead at that end of the latter adja'- cent the end of the reduced portion thereon, and means on said head for engaging such shoulder V face of the reduced portion.

' V15. Arivet comprising a'tubular member having anl end portion of lreduced outer diameter and a' shoulder at the inner end of such portion,

a shank extending through the tubular member and having'a head at that end of the latter adjacent the end of the reduced portion thereon, and means on said head for engaging such shoul-f der withoulrengaging the end face of the reduced portion, said means comprisingan annular portionon thelhead, between which and the shank body, the reducedportion telescopically projects. 16. A rivet comprising a tubular member having an end portion .otk reduced outer diameter and a shoulder at the 'inner end of such portion,

a shank extending through Vthetiibular memberand having a head at that end of the latter lidiacent the end of thereduced portion ther n, and .means on said head'rfor engaging such ulder. without the end face of the reduced portion, sold' means comprising an annular por'v tion'oxrthe head,'betweenwhichland shank.

body, the reduced portion telescopically projects, the outer maximum diameter of such annular portion and head on the shank substantially corresponding to the outer diameter of the unreduced portion of the female member.

17. A rivet as an article of manufacture which is adapted to be inserted and set from one side of a structure to be riveted, comprising a tubular rivet member and a shank member extending through the tubular member and having a portion embracing an end portion of such tubular member and locking the members together, the dimensions of such embracing portion being such as to permit initial insertion thereof through the opening in the structure to be riveted.

18. A rivet as an article of manufacture which is adapted to be inserted and set from one side of a. structure to be riveted, comprising a tubular member, a shank member extending through the tubular member, a head on one end of the shank beyond the adjacent end of the tubular member, and a separate ring between the head and such end of the tubular member, the rivet being adapted for application by pulling the opposite end of the shank and applying the reactionary force to the end of the tubular member adjacent such end of the shank so as to cause the tubular member to expand or bulb intermediate its ends into a head, said ring having a tapered end face adjacent the end of the tubular member for engaging the latter.

19. A rivet as an article of manufacture which is adapted to be inserted and set from one side of a structure to be riveted, comprising a tubular member, a shank member extending through the I ber to expand or bulb intermediate its ends into a head, said ring being constructed of metal which is relatively hard as compared to the metal in the tubular member.

20. A rivet as an article of manufacture which is adapted to be inserted and set from one side of a structure to be riveted, comprising a tubular member, a shank member extending through the tubular member, a head on one end of the shank beyond the adjacent end of the tubular member, and a separate' ring between the head and such end of the tubular member, the rivet being adapted for application by pulling the opposite end of the shank and applying the reactionary force to the end of the tubular member adjacent such end of the shank so as to cause the-tubular member to expand or bulb intermediate its ends Yinto a head, said ring having localized engagement with the end of the tubular member adjacent the outer periphery of the latter.

21. A rivet as an article of manufacture which is adapted to be inserted and set from .one side of a structure to be riveted, comprising a tubular member, a shank member extending through the tubular member, a head on one end of the shank beyond the adjacent end of the tubular member, and a separate ring between the head and such end of the tubular member, the rivet being adapted for application by pulling the opposite end of the shank and applying the reactionary force'to the end of the tubular member adjacent such end oi.' the shank so as to cause the tubular member to expand or bulb intermediate its ends into a head, said ring having a portion to prevent movement of the head into the end of the tubular member when the shank is pulled.

22. A rivet as an article of manufacture which is adapted to be inserted and set from one side of a structure to be riveted, comprising a tubular member adapted to extend through the structure and having an end portion adapted to project beyond one side thereof, a shank member extending through the tubular member, and means positively Ilocking one end of the shank to said tubular portion adjacent the free end of the latter so as to substantially prevent relative axial movement of the locked -portions in either direction, the rivet being adapted for setting by movement of the shankthrough the tubular member in a direction towards the other end of the pin and holding the end of the tubular member opposite the said end portion against movement in the same direction.

23. The method of manufacturing a rivet, which comprises forming a tubular member, forming a shank for extending through the tu- 4bular member, forming a surface recess in a part ofv one member, assembling the members, and prior to any rivet setting operation, radially deforming the member not hav-ing said recess, into the recess to lock parts of the members together against substantially axial movement in a relative manner.

24. 'Ihe method of manufacturing a' rivet, which comprises forming a tubular member, forming a shank for extending through the tubular member, forming an annular surface recess in a part of one member, assembling the members, and then prior to any rivet setting operation radially deforming such member not having the recess, into the latter to lock parts of the members, against relative axial movement.

25. The method of manufacturing a rivet, which comprises forming a tubular member, forming a shank for extending through the tubular member, forming a surfacerecess in the end portion of one member, assembling the members, and then prior to any rivet setting operation, deforming a part of the other member into such recess to lock the parts together.

Y LOUIS c. HUCK.

D11 s CL A Al MER" 2,o3o,17'o. Lm. '0. Huck, Grosse Pin, Mich. TRM-r. 'Patenedad Febnnf 11, 1936. Disclaimer'led September 2, 1941, by the assignee, Human H o ing Gorporatzan. i Hereby enters this disclaimer 0 claim 8 in said ptent.

[Olcz'al Gazette September 30, 1941.] 

